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# AutoNorms

Weaponised Artificial Intelligence, Norms, and Order

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## Posts

- [In and Beyond Great Power Diplomacy: Can Competition and Cooperation Co-Exist in US-China AI Governance?](https://www.autonorms.eu/can-competition-and-cooperation-co-exist-in-us-china-ai-governance/) - Guest post by Ruofei Wang What role can diplomacy play in managing the competitive dynamics and cooperative potentials between the United States (US) and China—the world’s two biggest AI and military superpowers—on governing AI? The landmark Trump-Xi Summit in May 2026 marks a historic moment in US-China relations, amid the increasingly fierce AI, defence, and
- [Reflections on the Weaponised AI Policy Debate Throughout the ERC AutoNorms Project](https://www.autonorms.eu/reflections-on-the-weaponised-ai-policy-debate-throughout-the-erc-autonorms-project/) - From 15 to 17 June 2026, the United Nations (UN) Office for Disarmament Affairs in Geneva hosted informal exchanges on AI in the military domain and its implications for international peace and security. These consultations followed the UN General Assembly resolution 80/58 adopted in 2025. The resolution mandated holding discussions on various uses of AI
- [Weaponised AI, Norms, and Order: Reflections from Research on China](https://www.autonorms.eu/weaponised-ai-norms-and-order-reflections-from-research-on-china/) - By Guangyu Qiao-Franco and Qiaochu Zhang Within the AutoNorms project, China has been a key site for understanding how norms around autonomous and AI-enabled weapons are emerging, stabilising, and being contested. As the project draws to a close, this blog post sets out two key areas of findings from our research: first, it synthesises the
- [How Practices Make Norms: Key Analytical Take-Aways from the ERC AutoNorms Project](https://www.autonorms.eu/how-practices-make-norms-key-analytical-take-aways-from-the-erc-autonorms-project/) - The military adoption of AI technologies and avenues toward their potential governance have gained significant salience throughout the early 2020s. Initially, the focus of the global discussion was exclusively on autonomous weapon systems (AWS) that “select and engage to one or more targets without human intervention”. Over time, states and other stakeholders involved in the
- [Machine Guardians, Human Monsters, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Take the Terminator Franchise Seriously](https://www.autonorms.eu/machine-guardians-human-monsters-or-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-take-the-terminator-franchise-seriously/) - The core aim of the AutoNorms project has been to develop a new theoretical approach for studying the relationship between practices of designing and using autonomous weapon systems (AWS), international norms, and the global governance of emerging technologies. In addition to my contributions to cataloguing the practices of human-machine interaction associated with the global development
- [AutoPractices at the UN Informal Exchanges on AI in the Military Domain](https://www.autonorms.eu/autopractices-at-the-informal-exchanges-on-military-ai/) - Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze represented the AutoPractices project at the Informal Exchanges on Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain and its Implications for International Peace and Security. The exchanges were held from 15 to 17 June 2026 in Geneva and organised by the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA). Statement during session 5 On
- [Sustaining Human Agency in the Military Domain: The AutoPractices Toolkit at REAIM 2026](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-autopractices-toolkit-at-the-reaim-summit-2026/) - By Alexander Hedegaard On 4-5 February 2026, the third edition of the Responsible AI in the Military Domain (REAIM) Summit was held in A Coruña, Spain. The event was organised by the Spanish Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence, together with the A Coruña City Council. The third edition followed upon two summits held in
- [Three Takeaways from the US Military-Anthropic Dispute](https://www.autonorms.eu/three-takeaways-from-the-us-military-anthropic-dispute/) - By Anna Nadibaidze and Robin Vanderborght The public dispute that erupted recently between the US Department of War (formerly Department of Defense) and the technology company Anthropic has captured the attention of global media and experts. Anthropic has developed the popular large-language model (LLM) Claude, which is not only used by private consumers worldwide, but
- [AutoPractices at the UN GGE on LAWS in March 2026](https://www.autonorms.eu/autopractices-at-the-un-gge-on-laws-in-march-2026/) - The AutoNorms team regularly participates in meetings of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems. The GGE meetings take place in Geneva and bring together delegations of state parties to the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), observer states, as well as
- [Toolkit of Best Practices to Strengthen Human Agency in the Military Domain](https://www.autonorms.eu/toolkit-best-practices-strengthen-human-agency-in-military-domain/) - Download the best practices toolkit here Routine uses of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies affect military personnel’s capacity to exercise human agency. The impacts of using AI on the exercise of human agency in the military domain should be addressed via bottom-up forms of governance. Such a process starts with the practices performed by stakeholders in
- [Trump's AI Race Action Plan: Removing Barriers to a Militarized Silicon Valley](https://www.autonorms.eu/trumps-ai-race-action-plan-removing-barriers-to-a-militarized-silicon-valley/) - Guest post by Tommaso Del Becaro The publication of the long-awaited America’s AI Action Plan by the federal government of the United States in July 2025 represents a crucial juncture in AI governance. Aimed at maintaining the US’ “unquestioned and unchallenged global technological dominance”, the AI Action Plan is the latest step by the Trump
- [Governing AI Technologies in the Military Domain from the Bottom Up: Map of Practices](https://www.autonorms.eu/governing-ai-technologies-in-the-military-domain-from-the-bottom-up-map-of-practices/) - As of September 2025, there are no international legally binding regulations specific to the development and deployment of AI technologies in the military domain. Top-down, state-led approaches to global governance in this area continue to face challenges such as different regulatory positions, competing interests, and diverging visions of the role of AI technologies in warfare
- [Why Investigating Tech Startups in Algorithmic Warfare Matters](https://www.autonorms.eu/why-investigating-tech-startups-in-algorithmic-warfare-matters/) - On 29 May 2025, the tech startup Anduril Industries and the Big Tech company Meta announced a privately funded collaboration to design and develop extended reality products integrating AI for the US military. This is just one recent example of private tech companies’ growing involvement in supplying the US government with AI-based products for defence
- [Submission to the UN Secretary-General on AI DSS in the Military Domain](https://www.autonorms.eu/submission-to-the-un-sg-on-ai-dss-in-the-military-domain/) - The following is the AutoNorms project’s submission pursuant to Resolution 79/239 on “Artificial intelligence in the military domain and its implications for international peace and security” adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 24 December 2024. The resolution requests the UN Secretary-General to seek views, including those of Member States, civil society, the scientific
- [Google’s Brave New World? Big Tech, Military AI, and the Trump Effect](https://www.autonorms.eu/googles-brave-new-world-big-tech-military-ai-and-the-trump-effect/) - In recent days, Google’s update of its AI principles that avoids clear ethical pledges in contrast to the 2018-version has gained attention. While this could be seen as a major policy shift of a big AI player, I argue in this post that it underlines an intensification of business activities that were already part of
- [What Can the Public Learn About AI Weapons by Playing Videogames?](https://www.autonorms.eu/what-can-the-public-learn-about-ai-weapons-by-playing-videogames/) - By Paolo Franco and Guangyu Qiao-Franco Military-themed videogames are not only popular among consumers, but they also generate considerable commercial interest. The Call of Duty series, for example, is one of the best-selling videogame franchises of all time, having sold 425 million units and earning $30 billion in revenue since its debut in 2003. These
- [AI in Military Decision Support Systems: A Review of Developments and Debates](https://www.autonorms.eu/ai-in-military-decision-support-systems-a-review-of-developments-and-debates/) - Download the report here By Anna Nadibaidze, Ingvild Bode, and Qiaochu Zhang A new report published by the Center for War Studies at the University of Southern Denmark reviews developments and debates related to AI-based decision support systems (AI DSS) in military decision-making on the use of force. Written by Anna Nadibaidze, Ingvild Bode, and
- [Navigating the Complexities of Exercising Human Agency in Human-Machine Interaction Across the AI Lifecycle](https://www.autonorms.eu/navigating-the-complexities-of-exercising-human-agency-in-human-machine-interaction-across-the-ai-lifecycle/) - This blog is based on the breakout session titled “Responsible Human-Machine Teaming Across the AI Lifecycle: An Interactive Scenario”, co-organised by the AutoNorms project and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU APL) at the Responsible AI in the Military Domain (REAIM) Summit 2024 in Seoul, South Korea. You can watch the breakout session here.
- ["Mission Impossible"? Talking Popular Culture at the REAIM 2024 Summit](https://www.autonorms.eu/mission-impossible-talking-popular-culture-at-the-reaim-2024-summit/) - The simultaneous release of the films Barbie and Oppenheimer on 21 July 2023 was a cultural phenomenon. “Barbenheimer”—as this event was popularly called—captured global attention. It also invited reflection on how the public comes to think about the politics of nuclear weapons and what role pop culture plays in this process. Released a week prior
- [The New AutoPractices Project: Toward Governing AI Technologies in Military Decision-Making from the Bottom Up](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-new-autopractices-project-toward-governing-ai-technologies-in-military-decision-making-from-the-bottom-up/) - On 1 June 2024, the AutoNorms team started a new policy-oriented project called AutoPractices. The purpose of the AutoPractices project is to initiate and accompany a process of social innovation to govern autonomous and AI technologies (AIT) in the military domain from the bottom up. The project aims to do this by addressing the practices
- [Submission on Autonomous Weapon Systems to the UN Secretary General](https://www.autonorms.eu/submission-on-autonomous-weapon-systems-to-the-un-secretary-general/) - The following is the AutoNorms project’s response to Resolution 78/241 on “Lethal autonomous weapons systems” adopted by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly on 22 December 2023. The resolution requests the UN Secretary-General to seek views, including those of Member States, civil society, and the scientific community, on “lethal autonomous weapons systems, inter alia, on
- [The Imaginaries of Human-Robot Relationships in Chinese Popular Culture](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-imaginaries-of-human-robot-relationships-in-chinese-popular-culture/) - The portrayals of artificial intelligence (AI) and human-robot interactions in popular culture, along with their potential impact on public perceptions of AI and the regulations governing this evolving field, have garnered growing interest. Building on previous studies on public imaginaries of AI in Hollywood movies, particularly focusing on the Terminator franchise, in this essay I investigate
- [The Creator of New Thinking On AI? Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Why Stories About Intelligent Machines Matter](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-creator-of-new-thinking-on-ai-popular-culture-geopolitics-and-why-stories-about-intelligent-machines-matter/) - Whilst the depiction of weaponised artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in popular culture is often highly inaccurate and dramatized, Hollywood blockbusters provide the starting point from which many members of the public begin to develop their thinking about these technologies. For instance, news articles discussing AI are often accompanied with images of metallic silver skulls with
- [The National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence and the US Policy on AWS](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-national-security-commission-on-artificial-intelligence-and-us-policy-on-aws/) - This short contribution addresses the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI) report recently published in the United States (US). This report marks an important step in defining the US’ future AI security policy and can be expected to influence the US position on questions relating to the regulation and prohibition of militarised AI. It
- [Russia’s Perspective on Human Control and Autonomous Weapons: Is the Official Discourse Changing?](https://www.autonorms.eu/russias-perspective-on-human-control-and-autonomous-weapons-is-the-official-discourse-changing-2/) - For many years, Russia’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) has been developing and testing different weapons, vehicles and systems using Artificial Intelligence (AI). This has been with the goal of modernising the Russian Armed Forces by gradually removing humans from military tasks. The Russian leadership, both political and military, has a visibly strong interest for weapons
- [Reflecting on the Future Norms of Warfare](https://www.autonorms.eu/reflecting-on-the-future-norms-of-warfare-2/) - [The following essay builds on a contribution submitted by Ingvild Bode to the RUSI/HRI project ”The Future Rules of Warfare”. The essay reflects on how current norms of conflict and warfare might be changing.] The legal norms enshrined in the UN Charta, as well as associated legal frameworks such as the Geneva Conventions, the International
- [“I Need Your Clothes, Your Boots and Your Terminator Tropes”: A Primer on the Terminator Franchise](https://www.autonorms.eu/i-need-your-clothes-your-boots-and-your-terminator-tropes-the-popular-depiction-of-killer-robots-in-american-culture/) - “Listen, and understand. That Terminator is out there, it can’t be bargained with, it can’t be reasoned with, it doesn’t feel pity or remorse or fear, and it absolutely will not stop…EVER, until you are dead!”, Kyle Reese. References to the Terminator are an ubiquitous feature of debates on Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS). Paul Scharre
- [Can the UN GGE Go Beyond the Eleven Guiding Principles on LAWS?](https://www.autonorms.eu/can-the-un-gge-go-beyond-the-eleven-guiding-principles-on-laws/) - The first session of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) took place from 3-13 August 2021, in Geneva. After a delay caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, states parties to the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) could formally continue the discussion
- [Drones in Afghanistan: Not a Technological “Silver Bullet”](https://www.autonorms.eu/drones-in-afghanistan-not-a-technological-silver-bullet/) - [A shorter version of this piece was published in the German-language ct Magazin für Computertechnik in September 2021, Ingvild Bode & Tom Watts] The United States and its NATO partners have ignominiously withdrawn from Afghanistan. One of this war’s many legacies will be the use of remotely piloted aircraft – colloquially referred to as drones – to conduct air
- [A Rare East-West Alignment? Learning about Chinese Positions on Weaponised Artificial Intelligence from the Chinese-language Literature](https://www.autonorms.eu/a-rare-east-west-alignment-learning-about-chinese-positions-on-weaponised-artificial-intelligence-from-the-chinese-language-literature/) - The development, deployment and use of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) is a subject of growing scholarly debate. China is no exception to this trend. To provide a better understanding of Chinese perceptions of weaponised Artificial Intelligence (AI), this article briefly examines relevant Chinese-language sources available from the Knowledge Resource Integrated Database of the China National
- [Shortening the Kill Chain with Artificial Intelligence](https://www.autonorms.eu/shortening-the-kill-chain-with-artificial-intelligence/) - This post has been guest written by Jennifer Rooke. Jennifer's author information has been included at the end of this post. In a speech at the Air Force Association’s annual Air, Space & Cyberspace Conference held on 20 September 2021, US Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall stated (at 20:50 in the embedded video)
- [The Algorithmic Turn in Security and Warfare](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-algorithmic-turn-in-security-and-warfare/) - On 6 – 7 January 2022, the AutoNorms project and the Center for War Studies (CWS) held the virtual conference “The Algorithmic Turn in Security and Warfare”.
- [The Future of the GGE and Denmark’s Silence in the Debate about Autonomous Weapons Systems](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-future-of-the-gge-and-denmarks-silence-in-the-debate-about-autonomous-weapons-systems/) - On 17 December 2021, after eight years of (both informal and formal) discussions about the challenges raised by autonomous weapons systems (AWS), states parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) decided on a mandate that dissatisfied many. The Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on LAWS should meet for 10 days in 2022 to
- [AI and Robots in Soviet and Russian Popular Culture](https://www.autonorms.eu/ai-and-robots-in-soviet-and-russian-popular-culture/) - In this article, Anna Nadibaidze explores the artificial intelligence narratives in Soviet and Russian popular culture.
- [The New Fog of War: Algorithms, Computer Vision, and Weapon Systems](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-new-fog-of-war-algorithms-computer-vision-and-weapon-systems/) - War is the realm of uncertainty; three quarters of the factors on which action in war is based are wrapped in a fog of greater or lesser uncertainty. A sensitive and discriminating judgment is called for; a skilled intelligence to scent out the truth. — Carl von Clausewitz (1832) [1873] The visual dimension is one of
- [AI and Drones in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Challenging the Expectations?](https://www.autonorms.eu/ai-and-drones-in-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-challenging-the-expectations/) - By Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze Military applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and their impacts on warfare have received much attention over the past years. Russia has been portrayed as a central actor in these debates, not least since President Vladimir Putin declared that whoever leads in the field of AI “will become ruler of
- [Can Track II Dialogues be the New “Ping-Pong” Diplomacy to Thaw the Sino-US Relationship on Military AI?](https://www.autonorms.eu/can-track-ii-dialogues-be-the-new-ping-pong-diplomacy-to-thaw-the-sino-us-relationship-on-military-ai/) - China and the US find themselves increasingly enmeshed in a deteriorating relationship as the two countries contest for primacy across many fields. Both Beijing and Washington view technological leadership, especially an edge in artificial intelligence (AI), as vital to gaining an upper-hand in this intensified power contest. As the two rivals scale up investment in
- [The UK Defence AI Strategy: Situating Global Britain in the ‘AI Race’?](https://www.autonorms.eu/the-uk-defence-ai-strategy-situating-global-britain-in-the-ai-race/) - On 15 June 2022, the UK Government released its new Defence AI Strategy, outlining its plans to further integrate artificial intelligence into its Armed Forces. The strategy includes objectives such as making the Ministry of Defence (MOD) an “AI ready” organisation, exploiting AI “at [a] pace and scale for Defence advantage”, strengthening the UK’s defence
- [AutoNorms at the UN GGE on LAWS](https://www.autonorms.eu/autonorms-at-the-un-gge-on-laws/) - In 2021-2022, the AutoNorms team participated in three meetings of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). The GGE meetings take place in Geneva and bring together delegations of state parties to the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), as well
- [Regulation and Prohibition of Autonomous Weapons Systems: A Future Outside the CCW?](https://www.autonorms.eu/regulation-and-prohibition-of-autonomous-weapons-systems-a-future-outside-the-ccw/) - On 21 October 2022, Austria, on behalf of 70 states, delivered a joint statement on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) at the 77th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), during a debate on conventional weapons. Among others, the document mentions that these states recognise the importance of focusing efforts in particular on elaborating the normative and
- [Consequences of Using AI-Based Decision-Making Support Systems for Affected Populations](https://www.autonorms.eu/consequences-of-using-ai-based-decision-making-support-systems-for-affected-populations/) - The following essay builds on remarks delivered by Ingvild Bode as part of the Expert Workshop “AI and Related Technologies in Military Decision-Making on the Use of Force”, organised by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) & Geneva Academy Joint Initiative on the Digitalization of Armed Conflict on 8 November 2022. I want
- [Has REAIM “Re-aimed” AI Applications in the Military Domain?](https://www.autonorms.eu/has-reaim-re-aimed-ai-applications-in-the-military-domain/) - A positive step towards regulating the development and growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in warfare was taken during a two-day conference in The Hague in February 2023, namely the Global Summit on Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain (REAIM). As an initiative of the Dutch government in partnership with the Republic of Korea,
- [AutoNorms at the UN GGE on LAWS in March 2023](https://www.autonorms.eu/autonorms-at-the-un-gge-on-laws-in-march-2023/) - The AutoNorms team regularly participates in meetings of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). The GGE meetings take place in Geneva and bring together delegations of state parties to the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), as well as representatives
- [‘Responsible AI’ in the Military Domain: Implications for Regulation](https://www.autonorms.eu/responsible-ai-in-the-military-domain-implications-for-regulation/) - This blog is based on the regulation subpanel of the Realities of Algorithmic Warfare breakout session, held at the REAIM Summit 2023. Watch the full breakout session here. The global debate on military applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomy is gradually expanding beyond autonomous weapon systems (AWS) towards the concept of ‘Responsible AI’. Proponents
- [A Question of Trust? New US Initiatives to Tackle the Human Control Problem](https://www.autonorms.eu/a-question-of-trust-new-us-initiatives-to-tackle-the-human-control-problem/) - A lack of or a substantially diminished quality of human control is often understood as the major problem associated with military AI. The US Department of Defense (DoD) ‘Directive 3000.09’ that was released in 2012 as one of the first political documents on autonomy in weapon systems, for example, states in its updated version from
- [Loitering Munitions and Unpredictability: Autonomy in Weapon Systems and Challenges to Human Control](https://www.autonorms.eu/loitering-munitions-and-unpredictability-autonomy-in-weapon-systems-and-challenges-to-human-control/) - Download the report here By Ingvild Bode and Tom Watts A new report published by the Center for War Studies, University of Southern Denmark and the Royal Holloway Centre for International Security highlights the immediate need to regulate autonomous weapon systems, or ‘killer robots’ as they are colloquially called. Written by Dr. Ingvild Bode and Dr.
- [Five Questions We Often Get Asked About AI in Weapon Systems and Our Answers](https://www.autonorms.eu/five-questions-we-often-get-asked-about-ai-in-weapon-systems/) - By Anna Nadibaidze and Ingvild Bode The ongoing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous technologies in weapon systems raises many questions across a variety of fields, including ethics, law, philosophy, and international security. As part of the AutoNorms project, we have contributed to many of these discussions over the past three years, including through
- [Global Governance of AI in the Military Domain](https://www.autonorms.eu/global-governance-of-ai-in-the-military-domain/) - The AutoNorms team has submitted the short paper below to the United Nations Office of the Secretary General’s Envoy on Technology. In preparation for the first meeting of the Multi-stakeholder High-level Advisory Body on AI, the Office issued a call for papers on global AI governance. AutoNorms’ submission, written by Ingvild Bode, Hendrik Huelss, Anna
- [Loitering Munitions Report Online Launch Event](https://www.autonorms.eu/loitering-munitions-report-online-launch-event/) - On 8th December 2023 13.00-14.15 (CET)/12.00-13.15 (GMT), an expert panel (including Laura Bruun, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) will discuss the major findings of the “Loitering Munitions and Unpredictability: Autonomy in Weapon Systems and Challenges to Human Control” report published earlier this year. You can register to attend this online event here. Co-authored by Dr.
- [AI Summits and Declarations: Symbolism or Substance?](https://www.autonorms.eu/ai-summits-and-declarations-symbolism-or-substance/) - The UK’s AI Safety Summit, held on 1-2 November at Bletchley Park, has generated different types of responses from experts and commentators. Some praise it as a “major diplomatic breakthrough” for Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, especially as he managed to get 28 signatures, including those of China, the EU, and the US, on the Bletchley
- [Japanese ‘Robot Culture’ and the Military Domain: Fact or Fiction?](https://www.autonorms.eu/japanese-robot-culture-and-the-military-domain-fact-or-fiction/) - Imagine that you are sitting in a restaurant somewhere in central Tokyo. You have just ordered your lunch using the tablet provided. Suddenly, coming from the direction of the kitchen, you hear a jingle playing. Next, a little white robot turns the corner and drives in your direction. As it comes closer, you see that
- [‘Traditional Values’: The Russian Leadership’s Narrative about Generative AI](https://www.autonorms.eu/traditional-values-the-russian-leaderships-narrative-about-generative-ai/) - In February 2024, Vladimir Putin approved a new version of Russia’s national artificial intelligence (AI) development strategy, initially adopted in October 2019. One of the updates included is a list of challenges to Russia’s AI development, which mention “the decision to restrict access to AI technologies, caused by unfair competition on the part of unfriendly

## Pages

- [Home](https://www.autonorms.eu/) - Weaponised Artificial Intelligence, Norms, and Order
- [News](https://www.autonorms.eu/news/) - News Upcoming events Jump to past events AutoNorms is funded by Hosted by Past events Back to the top Participation at the UN informal exchanges on AI in the military domain 15-17 June 2026 Ingvild Bode and Anna Nadibaidze observed the Informal Exchanges on Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain and its Implications for International
- [Publications](https://www.autonorms.eu/publications/) - Publications Research articles and other publications by the AutoNorms team Jump to list of publications Collection on science fiction and sociotechnical imaginaries Tom Watts & Qiaochu Zhang • May 2026 Tom Watts and Duncan Depledge (Loughborough University) co-edited a collection of interventions on science fiction, sociotechnical imaginaries, and the future of war. The collection, published in
- [AutoPractices](https://www.autonorms.eu/autopractices/) - AutoPractices AutoPractices: Governing AI Technologies in Military Systems from the Bottom Up From 1 June 2024 to 31 December 2025, the AutoNorms team conducted a policy-related project called AutoPractices. The purpose of the AutoPractices project was to initiate and accompany a process of social innovation to govern the development and use of AI technologies in
- [Team](https://www.autonorms.eu/team/) - Learn more about the AutoNorms project team.
- [United States](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/united-states/) - Research Themes United States This research theme examines US practices in relation to weapons systems with automated and automated features. These include operational practices of design, development, and deployment, but also extend to a wider range, including US evolving stances as delivered in the context of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). This
- [Technology](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/technology/) - Research Themes Technology This research theme maps the design, development, and operation of weapons systems with automated and autonomous features over time. Entries are based on our qualitative data catalogues of different types of existing weapons systems as researched by the AutoNorms team. Articles on technology Three Takeaways from the US Military-Anthropic Dispute By Anna Nadibaidze
- [Russia](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/russia/) - Research Themes Russia This research theme examines Russian practices in relation to weapons systems with automated and automated features. These include operational practices of design, development, and deployment, but also extend to a wider range, including Russia’s evolving stances as delivered in the context of the GGE on LAWS. This is complemented by an analysis of practices performed
- [China](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/china/) - Research Themes China This research theme examines Chinese practices in relation to weapons systems with automated and automated features. These include operational practices of design, development, and deployment, but also extend to a wider range, including China’s evolving stances as delivered in the context of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS).
- [Human-machine interaction](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/human-machine-interaction/) - Research Themes Human-Machine Interaction The extent to which humans remain in direct control of the use of force and the quality of that control are key themes animating the international debate on autonomous weapons systems. This research theme examines these concerns in the context of practices of human-machine interaction and how they shape emerging use of force
- [Japan](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/japan/) - Research Themes Japan This research theme examines Japanese practices in relation to weapons systems with automated and automated features. These include operational practices of design, development, and deployment, but also extend to a wider range, including Japan’s evolving stances as delivered in the context of the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). This is
- [Political process](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/political-process/) - Research Themes Political Process This research theme keeps track of the international, political debate on autonomous weapons systems, including their potential regulation. Since 2014, this debate has chiefly taken place under the auspices of the Convention of Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and in the form of a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on lethal autonomous weapons systems
- [All themes](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/all-themes/) - Research Themes All articles Here you can find all our blog posts related to all our research themes in a chronological order. In and Beyond Great Power Diplomacy: Can Competition and Cooperation Co-Exist in US-China AI Governance? Guest post by Ruofei Wang What role can diplomacy play in managing the competitive dynamics and cooperative potentials
- [Themes](https://www.autonorms.eu/research-themes/) - Research Themes Technology This research theme maps the design, development, and operation of weapons systems with automated and autonomous features over time. It includes qualitative data catalogues of different types of existing weapons systems as researched by the AutoNorms team, such as air defence systems and loitering munitions. Read more Human-machine interaction The extent to which humans remain in direct
- [Weapons Data](https://www.autonorms.eu/weapons-systems-data/) - Weapons Systems Data Introduction The AutoNorms project maps the design, development, and operation of weapons systems with automated and autonomous features over time. This includes qualitative data catalogues of different types of existing weapons systems as researched by the AutoNorms team, such as air defence systems and loitering munitions. Access our loitering munitions data catalogue here Autonomy and
- [Contact](https://www.autonorms.eu/contact/) - Contact Get in Touch Ingvild Bode, Principal Investigator: bode@sam.sdu.dk AutoNorms' Twitter Account Send Us a Message Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * Email * Subject Message Name Submit
- [About](https://www.autonorms.eu/about/) - About Research objectives and contribution The AutoNorms project (08/2020-07/2025) addresses these uncertainties in providing answers to its main research question: to what extent will AWS shape and transform international norms governing the use of violent force? Answering this research question is crucial because norms, defined broadly as understandings of appropriateness that evolve in practices, sustain and shape the international security order. While the

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